Students interested in applying to universities in the United States are likely already familiar with the SAT. But what exactly does the SAT test? Grove Education provides a detailed overview of the SAT exam content, full score, duration, and scoring system, along with practical preparation strategies to help you achieve your best possible results.
What Is the SAT?
The SAT (Scholastic Assessment Test) is a standardised examination established and owned by the College Board and administered by the Educational Testing Service (ETS) in the United States. It plays a key role in the admissions process for universities in the United States, Canada, and several other countries, and is designed for students aiming to compete at a higher academic level. Through the SAT, institutions can assess a student’s foundational abilities in areas such as mathematics, reading, and writing.
What Is the Digital SAT?
In 2023, the College Board announced the global rollout of the Digital SAT, replacing the traditional paper-based format. The new digital version introduces six key differences:
- Exam Format: Fully digital, taken on a computer.
- Shorter Duration: Total testing time is 2 hours and 14 minutes — roughly one hour shorter than the paper-based version.
- Modular Design: Reading and Writing are now combined into a single section. Like the Math section, each is split into two modules. The difficulty of the second module is adjusted automatically based on the student’s performance in the first.
- Question Types: Most questions are multiple choice. The Math section also includes grid-in questions. There is no penalty for incorrect answers.
- Calculator Use: A calculator is allowed throughout the entire Math section.
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What Does the SAT Test? Exam Content and Structure
The redesigned SAT focuses on two main sections: Mathematics and Reading & Writing. Below is a breakdown of what each section covers in detail:
1. SAT Mathematics
Duration: 70 minutes (divided into two sections of 35 minutes each)
Topics Covered:
- Algebra: Linear equations, functions, and proportional relationships (13–15 questions)
- Advanced Mathematics: Quadratic equations, exponential functions, and operations with roots (13–15 questions)
- Problem-Solving and Data Analysis: Graphs, statistics, and probability (5–7 questions)
- Geometry & Trigonometry: Circles, trigonometric functions, and coordinate geometry (5–7 questions)
When preparing for the SAT, focusing on the following three key strategies can significantly improve your performance:
Firstly, since no formula sheet is provided during the exam, it is essential to memorise key mathematical formulas. In addition, practising mental calculations without a calculator is crucial for enhancing both speed and accuracy in problem-solving. Another important area is data analysis and interpreting graphs, which are heavily featured in the test. Strengthening these skills will allow you to make quick and accurate decisions under exam conditions.
Although calculators are permitted throughout the entire Maths section of the Digital SAT — with a built-in calculator available on the test platform and the option to bring your own — students who are well-versed in formulas, mental maths, and logical reasoning often use their time more efficiently than those who rely solely on a calculator.
2. SAT Reading & Writing
Duration: 64 minutes (divided into two sections of 32 minutes each), with a total of 54 questions
Topics Covered:
- Literature
- History & Social Studies
- Humanities
- Science
The Digital SAT includes 54 short reading passages, each ranging from 25 to 150 words, with one multiple-choice question linked to each passage. These questions fall under four key domains: Information and Ideas, Craft and Structure, Expression of Ideas, and Standard English Conventions.
With only 64 minutes to complete the section, students must demonstrate strong skills in reading comprehension, critical thinking, and information synthesis.
When preparing for this section, focus on the following strategies:
- Skim-reading and identifying key words can help you quickly determine the main idea and locate relevant details.
- Familiarity with common academic vocabulary frequently seen in SAT passages will also enable you to approach the questions with greater confidence and efficiency.
SAT Full Score and Scoring Method
The SAT is scored on a scale ranging from 400 to 1600. The scoring method is as follows:
| Exam Section | Score Range |
| Mathematics | 200-800 |
| Reading & Writing | 200-800 |
| Total Score | 400-1600 |
Note: As of 2021, the SAT no longer includes an Essay section. However, some universities may still request a separate essay as part of their admissions evaluation process.
SAT Exam Schedule and Registration
1. SAT Exam Dates
The SAT is typically offered seven times a year, with common test months including March, May, June, August, October, November, and December. It is recommended that students begin preparing 3 to 6 months in advance and select a test date that aligns with their academic goals and university application timelines.
2. SAT Registration and Fees
Students can register for the SAT through the official College Board SAT website. The base registration fee is approximately USD $68, though this may vary by country. International test-takers are required to pay an additional fee of USD $43.[1]
The following additional registration fees apply equally to both domestic (U.S.) and international test-takers:
| Services | Fee |
| Test Centre Fee (select locations only) | USD$24 |
| Late Registration | USD$34 |
| Change Test Centre | USD$29 |
| Cancel Registration Fee | USD$29 |
| Late Cancel Fee | USD$39 |
The following fees apply to services related to SAT score reports:
| Services | Fee |
| Additional Score Reports | USD$14 per report |
| Rush Reports | USD$31 |
| Get Scores by Phone | USD$15 per call |
| Archived Scores | USD$35 |
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SAT Preparation Strategies
1. Create a Study Plan
Developing a structured study plan well ahead of the test is essential. It is recommended that students begin preparing 3 to 6 months before their exam date, setting aside dedicated time each day to practise Mathematics, Reading, and Writing. Make use of authoritative resources such as the official College Board guide, and take at least one full-length mock test per week to become familiar with the exam’s pace and time management requirements.
2. Read Widely
Extensive reading is highly effective in improving reading comprehension and vocabulary. Aim to read English-language articles daily from reputable sources such as The New York Times, The Economist, or Scientific American. Keep a record of frequently tested SAT vocabulary. Regularly practising reading comprehension questions will also help you master key-word identification and reasoning techniques — allowing you to approach the reading section with greater confidence.
3. Make the Most of Online Resources
The official College Board website offers practice tests and a free question bank to help you become familiar with the exam format and identify areas for improvement. In addition, other online learning platforms such as Khan Academy provide free, targeted SAT preparation courses, making them valuable tools for focused and flexible study.
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Grove Education: Your Trusted Partner in Academic Success
The SAT is a key component of the U.S. university admissions process. By understanding what the SAT covers and adopting effective preparation strategies and resources, students can maximise their scores and strengthen their chances of gaining entry to their dream universities.
If you or your family have questions about the admissions process, we warmly invite you to speak with the Grove Education team. We will develop a personalised application strategy to help you secure a place at a top-tier institution.
SAT Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
Q1. What is the difference between the SAT and ACT?
Both are standardised tests used for U.S. university admissions. The SAT places greater emphasis on logic and reasoning, with a more challenging maths section. The ACT includes a science reasoning section, making it more suitable for students strong in scientific analysis.
Q2. How many times can I take the SAT?
There is no limit to the number of times you can take the SAT. However, it is generally recommended to sit the exam no more than two to three times to avoid negatively affecting your application strategy.
Q3. What is considered a high SAT score?
Here is a general guide to SAT score expectations at different types of universities in the U.S.:
- Top-tier universities (e.g. Harvard, Yale, MIT): 1400 and above
- Highly ranked universities (e.g. University of California, NYU): 1200–1400
- Standard universities (e.g. State universities): 1000–1200
Q4. Is there an expiry date for SAT scores?
SAT scores are typically valid for five years, during which time students may use them to apply to universities.
Reference:
[1] https://satsuite.collegeboard.org/sat/registration/international-testing/fees
1. College Board |SAT Dates and Deadlines
https://satsuite.collegeboard.org/sat/dates-deadlines
2. College Board |What's on the SAT
https://satsuite.collegeboard.org/sat/whats-on-the-test
3. College Board |How the SAT Is Structured
https://satsuite.collegeboard.org/sat/whats-on-the-test/structure